因滾珠絲杠傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)在數(shù)控機(jī)床這機(jī)構(gòu)中實(shí)際運(yùn)行為頻繁，各部件經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生機(jī)械磨損和潤(rùn)滑不良，因而，常常出現(xiàn)定位精度下降，反向間隙過(guò)大，機(jī)械爬行，軸承磨損嚴(yán)重，噪音過(guò)大等故障。當(dāng)這些故障出現(xiàn)時(shí)就要我們對(duì)此做出正確的診斷，才能及時(shí)修復(fù)設(shè)備。滾珠絲杠在運(yùn)動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生的故障現(xiàn)象主要可以分為2類(lèi)，其具體原因如下。

Due to the fact that traditional ball screw systems operate most frequently in CNC machine tools, various components often experience mechanical wear and poor lubrication, resulting in decreased positioning accuracy, excessive reverse clearance, mechanical crawling, severe bearing wear, and excessive noise. When these faults occur, we need to make a correct diagnosis in order to repair the equipment in a timely manner. The fault phenomena caused by ball screws during movement can be mainly divided into two categories, and the specific reasons are as follows.

1、反向間隙大，定位精度差，加工零件尺寸不穩(wěn)定

1. Large reverse clearance, poor positioning accuracy, and unstable machining part dimensions

滾珠絲杠螺母副及其支撐系統(tǒng)由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生的磨損間隙，將直接影響數(shù)控機(jī)床的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)精度和剛性。一般故障現(xiàn)象有：反向間隙大、定位精度不穩(wěn)定等。根據(jù)磨損具體產(chǎn)生的位置，故障原因和細(xì)分為一下幾類(lèi)：

The wear clearance caused by long-term operation of the ball screw nut pair and its support system will directly affect the rotational accuracy and rigidity of CNC machine tools. General fault phenomena include: large reverse clearance, unstable positioning accuracy, etc. According to the specific location of wear and tear, the causes and subdivisions of faults can be classified into the following categories:

(1) 滾珠絲杠支撐軸承磨損或軸承預(yù)加負(fù)荷墊圈配的不合適。

(1) The ball screw support bearing is worn or the pre loaded washer of the bearing is not properly matched.

(2) 滾珠絲杠雙螺母副產(chǎn)生間隙，滾珠磨損。

(2) The double nut pair of the ball screw creates a gap, causing ball wear.

(3) 滾珠絲杠單螺母副磨損產(chǎn)生間隙。

(3) Gap caused by wear of single nut pair of ball screw.

(4) 螺母法蘭盤(pán)與工作臺(tái)沒(méi)有固定牢，產(chǎn)生間隙。

(4) The nut flange is not securely fixed to the workbench, resulting in a gap.

2、滾珠絲杠副運(yùn)動(dòng)不平穩(wěn)，噪音過(guò)大

2. The motion of the ball screw pair is unstable and the noise is too loud

這種故障現(xiàn)象主要原因，具體如下：

The main causes of this malfunction are as follows:

（1）伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)參數(shù)未調(diào)整好。

(1) The servo motor drive parameters have not been adjusted properly.

（2）絲杠絲母潤(rùn)滑不良。

(2) Poor lubrication of the screw nut.