滾珠絲杠是一種將回轉運動與直線運動相互轉換的精密機械傳動元件，由螺桿、螺母、滾珠和循環裝置等核心部件構成。工作原理：利用滾珠在絲杠與螺母的螺旋滾道間滾動，以滾動摩擦取代傳統梯形絲杠的滑動摩擦，從而實現了高傳動效率（可達90%以上）、高精度、高剛性以及長壽命等顯著特點。

　　Ball screw is a precision mechanical transmission component that converts rotary motion and linear motion, consisting of core components such as screw, nut, ball, and circulation device. Working principle: Utilizing ball bearings to roll between the spiral raceway of the screw and nut, replacing the sliding friction of traditional trapezoidal screws with rolling friction, thus achieving significant characteristics such as high transmission efficiency (up to 90% or more), high precision, high rigidity, and long service life.

　　01、滾珠絲杠的精度精度等級主要依據導程精度進行劃分。

　　The accuracy level of ball screws is mainly divided based on lead accuracy.

　　常見的標準有日本JIS標準和國際ISO標準：JIS標準分為C0、C1、C3、C5、C7、C10共6個等級，其中C0C5屬于精密級，C7和C10屬于普通級；ISO 3408-1標準則分為1、3、5、7、10共5個等級，1、3、5級主要用于定位，7、10級主要用于傳送。精度數值越小，代表精度越高。例如，C0級滾珠絲杠的精度極高，而C7級則適用于一般數控機床。軸向間隙（背隙）也是影響精度，特別是在運動方向反轉時的重要因素，通常需要通過預壓來或控制。

　　Common standards include Japanese JIS standards and international ISO standards: JIS standards are divided into six levels: C0, C1, C3, C5, C7, and C10. C0 to C5 belong to precision levels, while C7 and C10 belong to ordinary levels; The ISO 3408-1 standard is divided into 5 levels: 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Levels 1, 3, and 5 are mainly used for positioning, while levels 7 and 10 are mainly used for transmission. The smaller the precision value, the higher the precision. For example, C0 grade ball screws have extremely high precision, while C7 grade is suitable for general CNC machine tools. Axial clearance (backlash) is also an important factor affecting accuracy, especially when the direction of motion is reversed, and it usually needs to be eliminated or controlled through preloading.

　　02、滾珠絲杠選型，應根據應用需求確定精度等級，例如高精度數控機床常選用C5或更高等級，而普通自動化設備可選C7級。

　　02. When selecting ball screws, the accuracy level should be determined based on the application requirements. For example, high-precision CNC machine tools often use C5 or higher levels, while ordinary automation equipment can choose C7 level.

　　其次，需計算負載，根據移動物體的重量、工作模式等確定所需的軸向推力，并確保其小于絲杠的容許軸向負載。接著，根據所需的直線運動速度和驅動電機的轉速來確定合適的導程（螺距）。此外，公稱直徑的選擇需兼顧負載能力與DN值（公稱直徑與極限轉速的乘積）限制，以確保高速運行的穩定性。行程長度則需考慮工作行程、螺母長度及安裝余量。

　　Secondly, it is necessary to calculate the load, determine the required axial thrust based on the weight of the moving object, working mode, etc., and ensure that it is less than the allowable axial load of the screw. Next, determine the appropriate lead (pitch) based on the required linear motion speed and the speed of the driving motor. In addition, the selection of nominal diameter should take into account both load capacity and DN value (the product of nominal diameter and ultimate speed) limitations to ensure stability during high-speed operation. The travel length needs to consider the working travel, nut length, and installation allowance.

　　03、滾珠絲杠的結構按滾珠循環方式主要分為內循環和外循環，內循環結構緊湊，適用于高速、高精度場合；外循環承載能力較大，多用于重載場合。

　　03. The structure of ball screws is mainly divided into internal circulation and external circulation according to the ball circulation mode. The internal circulation structure is compact and suitable for high-speed and high-precision applications; The external loop has a high load-bearing capacity and is often used in heavy-duty situations.

　　螺母形式則有單螺母和雙螺母之分，雙螺母可通過預向間隙，提高剛性，適用于不允許有反向間隙的精密傳動。同時，必須根據安裝條件選擇合適的支撐單元（如EK、BK、FK型等）和安裝方式（如固定-固定、固定-支撐等），以確保系統的同軸度和運行平穩性。

　　There are two types of nuts: single nuts and double nuts. Double nuts can eliminate axial clearance through preloading, improve rigidity, and are suitable for precision transmissions that do not allow reverse clearance. At the same time, suitable support units (such as EK, BK, FK types, etc.) and installation methods (such as fixed fixed, fixed support, etc.) must be selected according to the installation conditions to ensure the coaxiality and smooth operation of the system.

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